五台山南台山地草甸种群对旅游干扰的生态响应

以五台山南台为例,利用生态位的宽度指数,研究了草甸种群对旅游干扰的生态响应。结果表明:(1)紫羊茅、珠芽蓼和北方嵩草的生态位宽度较大,是群落的建群种。随着距离的增加,旅游干扰减小,不仅物种的数量越来越多,而且其生态优势也趋于增强,说明旅游干扰限制了种群对其周围资源的利用。其中,紫羊茅的相对优势在下降,而北方嵩草的相对优势却不断增强。(2)两种划分方法表明,北方嵩草、雪白委陵菜、零零香、歪头菜、小红菊和兰花棘豆是增长型的种类;扁蓄是衰退型的种类;地榆是波动型的种类。     

山区农户耕地撂荒特征及代际异质性——基于赣南于都县的实证分析

为探究山区农户耕地撂荒特征及代际异质性,借助代际社会学中的“社会代”理论构建了山区农户耕地撂荒行为代际差异分析框架,基于赣南于都县的微观数据,采用Logit模型和Tobit模型进行了实证检验。结果表明：1)山区农户耕地撂荒行为具有明显的代际差异,老一代、中生代和新生代农户的耕地撂荒行为依次增强,具体而言,代际差异每提升一个等级,农户耕地撂荒概率增加6.6%、撂荒程度增加2.3%;2)代际差异具有通过作用山区农户耕地保护意愿、生计策略和种植结构而影响其耕地撂荒行为的机制,即山区老一代、中生代和新生代农户的耕地保护意愿趋弱、生计策略非农转型趋强、经济作物种植趋减,导致其耕地撂荒行为依次增强。因此,本研究提出如下建议：变革农业经营体系,优化山区不同代际农户农业生产模式;优化山区耕地在农户代际间的配置,提高耕地利用效率;因地制宜建设山区经济作物产业链,促进不同代际农户共同增收。     

茂名南、北排土场生物修复中土壤性状变化的研究

广东茂名在油页岩生产过程中共产生废渣2.4×108t,堆放场占地面积8.1 km2,分别堆放在采矿场的南北两地,称为南、北排土场。通过对北排土场裸地、植林5年和南排土场植林16年、天然恢复20年的草地试验区的理化性质、土壤微生物数量及其生化活性进行对比分析,结果表明:北排裸地土壤含水差、贫瘠、酸性强;植林16年多的南排土壤理化性质、微生物、酶活性以及土壤呼吸都明显改善;但植林5年的北排土壤与裸地相差土壤性状变化不大。研究还发现,大叶相思树种对土壤改良的效果比桉树好;废渣场生物修复过程非常缓慢,必须辅以人工措施。     

豫南稻区再生稻气候适宜性分析与实践

为探索豫南稻区发展再生稻的可行性,以1980年以来的气象资料为依据,对影响再生稻较大的气候因子,如9月平均温度、≥10℃积温、8月降水量、年降水量、9月光照时数等进行了比较研究,并于2010、2011年进行了再生稻试验实践。结果表明:豫南稻区的水、热资源可以达到再生稻最适宜区标准,光照资源达到再生稻次适宜区标准。     

高粱炭疽病重要流行环节的初步研究 Ⅱ.分生孢子盘产孢、孢子飞散传播

通过室内和田间观察试验,对高粱炭疽病的重要流行环节——分生孢子盘产孢、孢子飞散传播进行了研究,以期为该病害的防治提供理论依据。结果表明:保湿时间、温度和光照条件与高粱炭疽病分生孢子盘产孢量的多少有直接关系,即保湿时间越长,产孢量越多,其关系符合回归方程y=165×EXP{-3.326 764×EXP〔-0.302 4(x-3)〕}(r=0.99);温度与产孢量间的关系符合回归方程y=226×Sin2(-0.619 048x+0.157 738 0x2-0.000 744 0x3)(r=0.91);在散射光条件下的产孢能力与在黑暗条件下没有显著性差异。昼夜孢子的释放量没有明显差异;植株上孢子的垂直分布情况有显著规律性,从顶叶至底叶孢子的分布呈递增趋势,病斑的田间分布呈随机分布。     

南果梨山地果园管理技术要点

南果梨属于秋子梨系统,从地块选择、土壤管理、科学施肥、果园水利管理几个方面探讨了南果梨科学管理方法。     

优质油菜在我国南方农业中的战略地位及其发展方略

我国是一个油料消费和进口大国,油菜是我国面积最大和发展最快的油料作物。我国油菜90％分布在南方,南方尚有大量的冬闲田可以利用,发展油菜可充分利用南方的自然资源、缓解南方人地矛盾,有利于增油、增粮、增饲、增肥,有利于南方种植业结构的调整和相关产业的发展,有利于农民增收增效。针对我国目前油菜产业存在的品质差、成本高和综合效益低等主要问题,提出了我国油菜产业发展应采取科技兴油、区域化、产业化和品牌营销战略。     

丝绸之路南道旅游资源开发研究-以和田地区为例

丝绸之路南道不论在自然旅游资源,还是在人文旅游资源方面都有其独特之处。本文通过对和田地区旅游资源和客源市场现状分析,提出围绕丝绸之路文化旅游为核心,突出以玉石故乡,大漠风光,田园绿洲,佛国古城及伊期兰教四大特色为主题,重点推出“和田玉石文化”、“尼雅寻梦”等精品,以此为龙头,带动区域旅游业发展的旅游资源开发策略。并提出“一主线,六干线”的各具特色的旅游线路。     

Epidemiology and control of Menangle virus in pigs

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and eradication of Menangle virus infection in pigs. DESIGN: Field observations and interventions, structured and unstructured serological surveys, prospective and cross-sectional serological studies and laboratory investigations. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were collected from pigs at a 2600-sow intensive piggery in New South Wales that experienced an outbreak of reproductive disease in 1997. Serum samples were also collected from piggeries that received pigs from or supplied pigs to the affected piggery and from other piggeries in Australia. Serum and tissue samples were collected from pigs at piggeries experiencing reproductive disease in New South Wales. Sera and faeces were collected from grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) in the region of the affected piggery. Serum samples were tested for neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Virus isolation was attempted from faeces. RESULTS: Following the outbreak of reproductive disease, sera from 96% of adult pigs at the affected piggery, including sows that produced affected litters, contained neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Neutralising antibodies were also detected in sera from 88% of finisher pigs at two piggeries receiving weaned pigs from the affected piggery. No evidence of Menangle virus infection was found in other piggeries in Australia. In cross-sectional studies at the affected piggery, colostral antibodies were undetectable in most pigs by 14 to 15 weeks of age. By slaughter age or entry to the breeding herd, 95% of pigs developed high antibody titres (> or = 128) against Menangle virus in the virus neutralisation test. Menangle virus was eradicated from the affected piggery following a program of serological testing and segregation. Neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus were also detected in P poliocephalus from two colonies in the vicinity of the affected piggery. Two piggery workers were infected with Menangle virus. There was no evidence of infection in cattle, sheep, birds, rodents, feral cats and a dog at the affected piggery. CONCLUSIONS: Serological evidence of infection with Menangle virus was detected in pigs at a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease, in pigs at two associated piggeries and in fruit bats in the region of the piggery. Two humans were infected. The mode of transmission between pigs is unknown, but spread by faecal or urinary excretion is postulated. This virus can be eradicated by the segregation of pigs into discrete age groups.     

南方发展草畜业的几点思考

世界农业由子实体向营养体的转型、北方休牧还草政策的出台以及南方理想的自然条件和市场空间,为草畜业发展提供了千载难逢的机遇;南方发展草畜业不失为一条帮助农民快速致富的有效途径;只要破解观念更新、资金筹措、技术传授三大难题,草畜业定能成为南方农业的主要板块。